Click here for the story of Constantia wine Click here for the story of Steenberg
Groot Constantia Pic: Iziko Musuems; photo: Cecil Kortjie
Constantia Valley takes
its name from the farm granted to Simon van der Stel in 1685 by
Commissioner van Rheede. It is said that Governor van der Stel named his
property after Constanza, the little daughter of his benefactor.
The Governor planted orchards and
vineyards. A visitor to the Valley, Francois Valentyn reported
"incomparably large and delicious fruit". Later, Captain Cook’s
botanist, Anders Sparman who was living at Alphen at the northern end of
the Valley, said, "The genuine Constantia wine is undeniably a very
racy and delicate dessert wine and has something peculiarly agreeable in
the flavour of it". He, like so many residents and visitors to the
Valley across the centuries, climbed the mountain to the west. He
described in his diary: "From this spot, however, I had an
agreeable summer prospect towards the bottom of the mountain, viz. the
verdant plains lying round about it, enlightened and warmed by the
genial rays of the sun".
But while Groot Constantia is the birthplace of South African wine, it was not the first estate in the Valley. The credit for that must go to a remarkable woman, Catharina Michelse, who had asked Simon van der Stel in 1682 for a portion of land at the foot of the Ou Kaapse Weg. He agreed to lease 25 morgen to her. According to Baron von Rheede tot Drakenstein, who visited the farm and was served a luncheon of "radishes and freshly baked bread and beautiful cabbages", Catharina was a fiercely independent woman, "riding bare-back like an Indian and her children resembling Brazilian cannibals!"
This was known as 'Swaaneweide' – The Feeding Place of Swans, and today's Steenberg Estate. For more on Catharina, also known as 'the widow Ras', and Steenberg's history, click here.
After van der Stel became the owner of Groot Constantia in 1685, she asked him for a legal title deed and a mandate was granted to her in 1688 to "cultivate, to plough and to sow and also to possess" the farm below the stone mountain."
When van der Stel died in 1712, Groot Constantia was subdivided, first into two, Groot Constantia and Bergvliet and
then again into Hoop of Constantia and Witteboomen. From 1714 Olaf Bergh and his beautiful wife, Anna de Koning, farmed at Groot
Constantia and others followed until Hendrik Cloete acquired it in 1778.
It belonged to his family for more than a hundred years, until the
devastating phylloxera epidemic in the 1880s forced its sale to the
government.
Hendrik was responsible for the house,
as it is today and the cellar with its pediment depicting the story of
Gannymede – a gift from his friend Anton Anreith. Lady Anne Barnard
describes a wedding at Groot Constantia. Hendrik asked her to dance –
"… but I would have soon thought of frisking it with Table
Mountain". The women had plenty of fat and a fine large
colour they think it has the air of riches and contentment. …The
Dutchmen caught hold of the omen promiscuously and kissed them heartily
– the women seemed to think it was good fun and were not angry.
Terrified at what might be my lot next I crept behind a window
curtain".
In 1718 Hoop of Constantia passed into
the hands of Johannes Colyn, a gifted winemaker, whose family retained
it until 1857, producing some of the finest Constantia red and white
wines.
The Eksteen family owned Bergvliet from
1769 until the end of the 19th century when it was
subdivided. The British forces advanced over the Eksteen farm amongst
others after the battle of Muizenberg when they took over the Cape
settlement. They encountered resistance from Eksteen who supported
Napoleon and defiantly waved a French tricolour at the advancing British
troops. When Napoleon was defeated and confined on the island of St.
Helena, his household was constantly supplied with the Constantia wines
which were also relished by his British conquerors.
At the southern end of the Valley was
the farm known as Tokai, granted in 1792. A branch of the Eksteen family
acquired it ten years later and engaged the architect Thibault to build
a manor house characterized by a high front stoep. It is said one of the
Eksteen sons rode his stallion up the steep steps and into the dining
room for a wager on New Year’s Eve. On the way out the horse stumbled,
frightened by the sound of the slave bell ringing to herald in the New
Year. The boy fell and broke his neck. Many people have told of hearing
the sound of revelry, a bell ringing and seeing the ghost of the rider
and his steed at midnight on a still, warm New Year’s Eve.
At the opposite end of the Constantia
Valley stands Alphen, with its classically elegant manor house and wine
cellars set around a grand "werf" or courtyard. Descendants of
Hendrik Cloete have owned it since 1854. The Cloetes bought it from the
Dreyer family (who were related to the Eksteens).
One of the Dreyer daughters was said to be attractive and one day she had two visitors,
Captain Josias Cloete and a small redheaded army doctor, James Barry.
Barry had a fiery temper and challenged Cloete to a pistol duel
supposedly because he was paying too much attention to Miss Dreyer. Both
missed, probably intentionally, as they were life-long friends. Barry
had an almost celebratory skill as a surgeon and performed the first
cesaerean section in South Africa on Hester Anna Munnik. The baby was
called James Barry Munnik and his descendant today still bears that
name. The story that has intrigued historians is that James Barry was discovered on her death to be a woman who masqueraded as a man all her life.
Kramat at Klein Constantia
During the 17th and 18th
centuries others arrived at the Cape, brought against their will. These
were Muslim slaves from the east and slaves from other parts of Africa
brought to provide the hard labour and craftsmen necessary for building
the emerging settlement, as many of the indigenous Khoi had fled to the
interior. The men from the east were often leaders of their communities,
who had come into conflict with the Dutch and Portuguese.
On May 13, 1668 a ship arrived at the Cape with three prisoners in chains. They
were men of wealth and influence and care was taken that they were not
left at large as they were likely to do injury to the Dutch East India
Company (VOC). One was sent to Robben Island and the other two, Sheikh
Abdurahman Matebe Shah, the last of the Malaccan sultans and Sayed
Mahmud, a spiritual and religious leader of the Malaccan Empire, went to
the Company’s forests in Constantia. Their tombs or Kramats, part of
the holy "circle of Islam" around the Cape may be found at
Summit Hill and at the gate of the wine estate, Klein Constantia.
There are many links between the old
Cape families. A young American visitor to Bergvliet in 1834 teased her
hostess, Mrs Eksteen, who was a Cloete before her marriage, that
"for many miles around in every direction there is noone but
Cloetes and Eksteens". The lives of the farm-workers and owners,
the Muslim community and others were equally intertwined. It was only in
the mid twentieth century when the farms began to be broken up because
of encroaching urbanization and farm-workers and others were moved to
"coloured areas" that the bonds were mostly broken.
